CHAKMA HOMELAND bu ka chhiar a

Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak 

Nov. 15, 2020 

Mizo Historian zinga chhuanawm berte zing ami Prof. JV. Hluna kutchhuak a nihna vang hrim hrim pawh hian lehkhabu namai lo tak a ni ngei ang tih a rin theih nghal a. Thil ti mai mai ngai lo, a tih tawh chu a tawp thlenga tih duh mi, mi tak ngak mai leh mizopa deuh mai, belhchian dawl tak miin Mizorama Chakmate lo awm tan dan, an pun chhoh zel dan, Autonomous District an neih chhoh zel dan te fiah taka a ziakna lehkhabu ‘CHAKMA HOMELAND’ hi ila chhiar lo a nih chuan chhiar ve ngei turin ka ngen a che. 

A ngaihnawm zawnga chhiar i tum erawh chuan i chhiar tui vakin ka ring lo a, bung tinah hian reference a pek nghal zel bawk vangin ama ir-awm chhuak mai a nih loh vangin Chakma chungchangah chuan hei aia lehkhabu rintlak hi a awm dawn chuang em ni tih theih hial a ni ang. A in karthelha ziak nuaih loin a inkahpukchaw chhoh zel dana ziak a nih vangte hian a chhiartu apiangte tan hriat chian a awl zawk ngei pawh a rinawm a, Chakma vanga vawiinni thlenga kan tawrhna tam takte hi hrereng chungin an tobul atangin i han bih chiang teh ang hmiang. 

CHAKMA HI TUTE NGE NI: Chakmate hi khawvela sakhaw upa tawh tak, 6th Century BCR hunlai daiha lo awm tawh Buddhist sakhaw mi niin, Buddhist zinga Theravada, Mahayana leh Vajrayana ah pawh Theravada zuitu bik te niin hnam hnufual tak an ni thin a, tuna Bangladesh huamchhung tlangramah te khuan an cheng thin. Chakmate hi hnam chi hrang hrang 46 zet nia sawi an ni a, hnam inthlahpung chak tak nia sawi an ni bawk. Engtik lai atanga Mizoram chhunga rawn lut nge an nih chiah hriat ni tawh lo mahsela cencus report-a alan dan chuan kum 1901 khan Mizoram chhungah mi 198 an lo awm tawh a ni. India Indan (1947) hma lama Mizo lalte rorel hunlai khan Mizoram chhunga an cheng ve duh a nih pawhin dan mumal tak hnuaiah phalna an lak hmasak phawt a ngai a. Phalna neia Mizo lal hnuaia Chakma awmte chu ram neitu an nih miau loh avangin an chhiah pek pawh mizoin kumtin Rs. 2/- an pek laiin anni hi chuan kum tin Rs. 5/- an pek bakah hian Mizo lal, anmahni awptute hnenah buh tin 2 emaw Rs. 2/- emaw kum tin pe bawk turin Lushai Hills awptu, Superintendent chuan bituk a siam a. 

Nimahsela Chakmate chu an pun chak em vangin kum 1944 khan dan khauh zawka enkawl ngaia an hriat bakah lo pem lut turte chu dan tlat tul an tih vangin Lunglei bial awptu Asst. Superintendent, E.B. Hyde chuan Chakma awm dan tur dan thar a chhuah hial a ni. Hemi hnu hian Lushai Hills Bawrhsap K.G.R.Iyer, Deputy Commissioner chuan kum 1954 khan hetiang hian Standing Order a chhuah a: Tun chinah Mizo Lal tumahin Bawrhsap-in ziaka phalna a pek chauh lo chuan Chakmate an ramah an luh tir tur a ni lo. Phalna nei lo an rama lut chu an report zel tur a ni a. Bawrhsap hrilh lova an lut ru hriat a nih chuan na taka hrem an ni ang. Tiin hetiang hian Chakmate chu India mi an ni lo a, Mizoram mi pawh an ni lo tih chiang takin a lantir a ni. 

 MIZORAM CHHUNGA CHAKMATE HMASAWN CHHOH DAN: India Independence thleng khan Mizorama Chakma awmte chu an zavaiin mi 5,000 vel an ni a. British hunlai angin thuneitute an fimkhur lo a, Mizo lal thenkhatte’n Chakma atanga chhiah lak an duh a, Chakma rawn lut tharte Bawrhsap hnena report loin an ngawihbopui bawk a. 

A hnua Political Party lo dingte reng reng pawh chuan Chakmate’n an party an vote dawn chuan Electoral roll-a khung an lo duh tlat zel bawk a. Chutiang boruakah chuan Chakmate chu ngampa takin Mizoram khawthlang lam ramri hrulah a rukin an rawn tawlh lut ta zel a ni. Kaptai Dam (Bangladesh Tuikhuah)-in an awmna a chimpil avanga India ram state pahnih Arunachal Pradesh leh Tripura a lutte chu ‘Chakma Refugee’ tih an nih laiin Mizorama lo lutte chu Refugee tih an ni ve lo tlat mai. Ramdang mi, a ruka rawn lut (Illegal Infiltrators) an ni a, nimahsela North Eastern Area Reorganisation Act 1971 hmangin kan ram sat hekin Chakmate chuan an hmingin District an nei ta nawlh mai a nih hi. He Act siam laia duhsak taka sorkarin ram alo pe mai hi a pawi takzet a ni Mizo District chu Union Territory-a hlan kai tumna thawm a rawn awm a, chutih mek lai erawh chuan kan Political Party te erawh an in lungrual lo hle thung. Political Party lian ber Mizo Union chuan State an ngen ngar ngar laiin MNF chuan Independence lo chu engmah an pawm thei lo a, a hnuah phei chuan thu a saisa ta viauin Congress party chu R. Dengthuama hruai leh Hrangchhuana hruaiin an lo phir takah chuan R. Dengthuama hruai lam leh Mizo Union te chu an in zawm ta a, Mizo District Council bikah Party thar dinin The United Mizo Parliament Party (UMPP) an din ta a ni. UMPP atang dawr chuan Central dawr turin palai an tir a, an thu ken ber leh Prime Minister Indira Gandhi hnena Memorandum an thehluh chu Mizo hnam zawng zawng rorelna hmun khata kan awm theihna tura State neih a ni. Nimahsela Indira chuan UT alo sawipui daih a ni awm e. 

 Hetih lai hian Cachar leh Mizoram awptu Commissioner S.J. Das, IAS ‘Central sorkar chuan Mizoram chu Union Territory–ah hlan kai a duh a ni’ tih hawi zawngin Mizoram chhunga Political Party hrang hrangte chu a kawm kual a. Aizawl atangin Saiha lamah pawh kalin Pawi Lakher Regional Council hruaitute pawh kawmin Mizoram UT pek tum chu pawm turin ava sawi pui leh a ni. Hetianga Commissioner berin Mizoram chhunga UT pawm tura Political party hrang hrang a thlem kualna chuan ngaihdan hrang hrang a neih tir phah a, chuvang chuan Delhi tlang an in kal chhawk ta sek hlawm a. Chutianga boruak a inmun takah chuan UMPP lam pawh chuan Indira Gandhi hnenah pawh chuan Mizoram tan UT chu tha an tih tlan thu an thlen ve leh ta a. UMPP hruaitute Delhi cham lai hian P-L Region hruaitute pawh Delhi ah awmin UT hran dilna leh Autonomous Districs pahnih dilna Memorandum chu Indira hnenah an thlen ve mek bawk a. Indira erawh chuan Mizoram chu UT a dah a tum leh anni tan pawh Regional mai ni loa Autonomous District Council-a dah a tum thu a lo hrilh ta zawk a ni. 

Hetia Delhi tlanga UMPP hruaitute leh P-L Region hruaitute kal hi Hotel khatah an thleng vek si a, an inthlim zar zar a ni awm e. UMPP hruaitu zinga a phanchang ber Pu Ch. Chhunga chuan lehlam pawl hruaitu Pu Manghnuna hnena lengin ‘Mizoram UT tur hi pawm ve mai ula, inngeih dial dialin i awm tlang ang u’ ava ti a, nimahsela anni lam chu lungawih lo hlein a hnuah phei chuan an inbe zui tawh meuh lo a ni awm e. Hetianga Prime Minister berin Mizoram tana UT pek a tum thu chu lo hriain Shillonga Mizo Zirlai Pawl (MZP) te chuan July 31, 1971 ah Shillong khawpuiah kawngzawh an huaihawt a, Fire Brigade Field-a hntawp hmannaah chuan ‘MNF Underground-te nen inbiakremna a awm hma chu UT neih kan duh lo’ tiin Resolution an pass bawk a ni. Indira chuan UMPP hruaitute hnena alo sawi tawh ang chuan Jan. 21, 1972 ah Mizoram UT chu Aizawl-ah a rawn hawng ta a. 

Chutih rual chuan Cachar leh Mizoram awptu Commissioner S.J. Das pawh chuan promotion hmu nghalin Mizoram UT Chief Commissioner leh Administrator a ni. Feb. thla tirah Saihaah kalin P-L Region hruaitute nen inkawmna an nei a, an hnenah chuan ‘Chakma Autonomous District Council pek ka rem ti’ tih chu sign theuh rawh u a ti a. Anni erawh chuan kan remti lo, kan sign duh lo tiin an chhuahsan a. Chhuak ve duh lo mi tlemte erawh chu S.J. Das chuan a sign tir ta tho a. Chumi hnuah chuan Saiha atangin Tlabungah kal lehin Tlabung Congress President Kristo Mohan Chakma chu Chakma aiawhin Chakma Autonomous District Council a dil tir bawk a. 1972 May thlaa UT kan neih hnua Assembly Session hmasaber ah chuan Chief Minister Pu Ch. Chhunga leh Congress MLA te chu ‘Chakma Autonomous District Council petu in ni’ tiin an inpuh tawn chiam phah a ni. Heti a nih chuan Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) lo piandan bul ber chu khatih laia Home Secretary MG Pimputkar leh Commissioner S.J. Das leh Dy. Commissioner AC Ray te hmalakna vang a ni tih a hnua AC. Raya’n kum 1996 kuma he lehkhabu ziaktu hnena a sawi danah a hriattheih. 

 CADC DODALNA: Kum 1978/79-a PC Ministry a lo pian khan Mizoram chu UT dinhmunah kan la awm mai bakah rambuai kan ni mek bawk avangin Ministy thar pawh chuan thuneihna a nei tam lua lo hle a ni. Chutia thuneihna a nei tam lo chung chung chuan Mizoram-a a ruka Chakma Foreigner lo lutte leh CADC tih tawp dan tur chu ngaih pawimawh berah an nei nghal a, Chief Minister Brig. T. Sailo ngei pawh chuan Delhi tlang thlengin hma a la a ni. 

 Nimahsela hetia PC sorkarin hma a lak mek laiin Central sorkar zawmtu Mizoram Congress Party atang chuan Chakmate duhsak tura phutna an dawng thung a. Chuti chung chang PC sorkar chuan Chakma Foreigner hnawhchhuah leh lut tur te chu a dang lui zel tho a, kum 1982 June thla thleng khan Chakma Foreigner 4527 lai Mizoram atangin an hnawtchhuak hman a nih kha. Hetianga PC Sorkarin Chakma Foreigner hnawhchhuah leh CADC thiah tuma hma an lek mek lai hian Congress party chauh niloin ramhnuaia awm MNF Party atang pawh chuan dodalna a rawn awm bawk a. 

MNF President Emissary Pu Aichhinga hnen atang chuan ‘MNF te’n ramhnuai atanga an lallukhum rawn hawn ngei tur nia lang chu CADC thiah leh Chakma lo lut tharte hnawh kir lehna hi a ni a, tuna in hmalak mekna hi MNF te hamthatna tur chuhpuitu niah kan ngai che u avangin in hmalakna hi lo tawpsan turin kan han ngen a che u’ tih thu chu June 11, 1982 ah an dawng ta thut a. Hemi hnu lawk June 14, 1982 ah chuan ‘Chakmate hi Foreigner an ni, Mizoram hi an chhuahsan ngei tur a ni’ tia ziak thintu Z.A. Kapmawia chu ama In atanga ko chhuakin tualcharah kahhlum a ni a, PC MLA Pu R. Zadinga pawh June 15, 1982 ah a bial a fan laiin Lungphun khuaah kahhlum a ni veleh bawk a ni. Hetianga silaimu nen meuha dodalna a awm takah chuan PC Ministry pawh chuan an duh angin hmalakna an neih chak loh phah a ni. 

 SESSION-AH CADC THIAH A TLANG ZO LO: Kum 1984 ah PC Ministry alo tawp a, Congress Party in sorkarna an lo chang veleh a. India sorkar leh MNF te chuan inremna angin Congress leh MNF chuan Ministry intawm an siam a nih kha. He ta MNF leh India sorkarin Inremna an siamah hian beisei loh takin Remna Thuthlung No. 9-naah chuan Chakmate chu Pawi leh Lakher ang chiaha duhsak leh vohbik taka awm turin an rawn ziak ta kulh mai a. 

July 8 – 12, 1986-a Remna lawma Mizorama India Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi lo zin lai chuan PC Party chuan PM hnena lehkha thehlut tur Memorandum an buatsaih a. Chu an Memorandum-ah chuan Clause 6 (a) ah chuan ‘Bangladesh atanga foreigners (Chakmate) lo lut hi dan tlat a, kum 20 kal ta chhunga Mizoram-India rawn lutte dap chhuah a, anmahni ram Bangladesh-a thawn kir ni se. An lo lut zel tur dan beh tlatna kawng tha ber chu tuna Chakmna Autonomous District Council awm hi paih ni se’ tih a ni. 

Hetih lai la lai hian Aizawl-a Hmarchhak Chief Ministers’ Conference pawh a ko nghal nghe nghe a, chutah pawh chuan tumahin an sawi loh mai piah lamah Mizoram Chief Minister ngei pawh chuan a sawi lo a ni. Tun hnu daih kum 1995 khan ND. Tiwari (Khatih laia Committee of Minister-a Chairman) chuan Brig. T. Sailo leh Prof. JV. Hluna te kiangah ‘You have missed a golden opportunity’ tiin a sawi nghe nghe. Kum 1986 ah Interim sorkar a lo piang a, Sept. 2 – 5, 1986 ah Assembly Session neih a ni a. He Session hi a pawimawh em em chhan chu India President-in Mizoram State Bill a pawmpui hma ngeia State puitling kan nih hnua kan ram ruangam tur sawi theihna hun a nih tlat vang a ni. 

A kum leh mai 1987 January thlaah State puitling ni tawh mai tur kan ni a, chumi hma chuan Session kan nei tawh dawn bawk siloh avangin kan hnam chanchinah vawiin thleng hian a pawimawh zual. He Interim sorkar-ah hian MNF Party atangin MLA 4 an awm a, Congress Party atangin MLA 5 an awm bawkin PC party atangin MLA 8 an awm bawkin Chief Minister ah Pu Laldenga a ni a, Dy. CM ah Pu Lal Thanhawla a ni. Hetih hunlai hian MLA 23 chiah kan la nei thei a, he Session neihnaah hian an vaiin 23 te hi an kal kim vek nghe nghe a ni. 

Assembly Session neihnaah chuan PC Party MLA pariat zinga pathumte chuan Resolution atan ‘Chakma Autonomous District Council thiah’ tih chu a rualin an nei a, chu chu hetiang hian mizo tawngin ‘Politics thila inphiar rukna avangin kum 1972 a Chakma Autonomous District Council lo piang hi paih bo a, Mizoram chhunga Tribal te January 21, 1972-a a dinhmun ngaia dah leh turin he House hian Government of India ngen ni rawh se’ tih a ni. He Resolution hi Session hnuhnung ber ni-ah sawihona neih a ni a, pass mai tura ngaih a nih laiin Congress leh MNF MLA te chuan chhuanlam chi hrang hrang hmangin an hnial ta tlat mai a, CADC chu paih bo kan duh lo ti chiah si loin a sap tawng ziak danin duhthu a sam lo tihte leh tih tur dang ala tam tih tein an hnial a. A sap tawng chu siamtha rawh u an tih pawh chuan hun danga ngaihtuah atan an ti ta tlat zawk a. Tichuan Speaker chuan vote laka phar mai turin a ti a, CADC paih duh lamah chuan MLA 8 chauhin vote an pek tak hnuah chuan a tlang zo ta lo a ni.