Mythological Theology

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Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak

March 20, 2025

                                     

Bible hi lehkhabu 66 infinkhawm a ni a, mi 40 velin kum 1600 chhunga an ziak a ni. Lehkhabu hmasa lam hi Mosia’n BC.1500 vela Pathian hriakthihna hnuaia a ziak a ni a, Thupuan bu hi Hmangaih Johana’n 97 AD vela a ziak a ni thung. Thuthlung Hlui bu hi a tirah chuan Hebrai tawnga ziak a ni a, Thuthlung Thar bu erawh chu Grik tawnga ziak a ni thung. Tin, Isua hunlaia an tawng hman lar ber Aramaic tawnga ziak pawh tlem a awm bawk a, chungte chu; Gen.31;47, Jer.10;11, Dan.2;4-7, Ezra.4;6 - 6;8 te hi a ni.

Bible chhung thu leh a chhehvel hi zir tham a awm a, mi tam tak ten an zir a, chung Bible zirtute chu hlawm hnihin a then theih a: Liberal tih leh Conservative tiin. Liberal tihte chu Bible zirtu mithiam, nimahsela, Thawkkhum a nihnate, Nula thianghlim hrin a nihna chungchangte, Mitthi thawhlehna hnawltute an ni. Bible hi Pathian thu a ni ngawt lo a, Pathian thu erawh a kengtel an ti chauh a ni. Anni ngaihdan chuan Bible-ah hian Pathian thu a telve chauh a nih chu! Liberal ho hi ‘Modernism’ tia sawi an ni bawk a ni. Conservative an tihte chu Bible hi Pathian Thawkkhum ngei a ni tih pawm tute an ni. Tlanna thu te, Nula thianghlim laka Isua piannate,Thlan atanga a thawhlehna te, Ropui taka a lokal lehna pawm tute leh nghak tute an ni. Conservative an tihte hi Fundamental an tihte, Evangilical tihte, Orthodox tih te leh Rreform tihte hian an hman thlak fo thina. Evangelical Theological hi Liberal Theological nen chuan inperhsan tak a ni.

Bible hi mi hrang hrangin hmun hrang hrangah, ram hrang hrang atanga tawng chi hrang hrang  pathuma an ziak atanga lakkhawm a nih avangin a zir dan turah pawh hian a tira tawng hman (Original) te chhuichhuaka a ziak hun, a ziaktu dik tak leh a ziak chhan (thuchah) leh chutiang thildangte manchhuah tuma zirna hi Biblical Criticism a ni.

Biblical Criticism peng hrang hrangte chu hetiang hian lo en hlawm ila:  

(1) TEXTUAL CRITICISM: A tira ziaktute kutchhuak (Original) te kha chu hmuh tur awm tawh lo mahsela, a teuh thei ang ber tur zawng chhuak tura Bible kutziak bu hlui hrang hrangte khaikhin atanga a copy chhawng tute’n tihsual palh emaw, hmaihpalh an nei emaw, belhchhah an neih leh neih loh zirna hi Textual Criticism a ni.

(2) HISTORICAL CRITICISM: Bible-a lehkhabu hrang hrangte ziak hun leh ziakna hmun te, ziak a nih tawh hnua an chanchin kalzel dante chhui a, Bible ziak tute hian thudawnna hnar (source) an neih dan te, thilthleng chanchinte, hun chungchangte, mi chanchinte, hmun chungchangte an tarlante chhuina hi Historical Criticism a ni.  

(3) GRAMMATICAL CRITICISM: Bible-a thumal (word) tam takte hian hmandan bik an nei thin a, heng ‘Thuthlung’ tihte, ’Simna’tihte leh ‘Thiamchantirna’ tih leh a dangte hian awmzia bik a nei thin. Chutiang bawkin tawngkauchheh remkhawm (phrases) te pawhin hman dan bik leh kawh bik an nei thin a. Hetiang chhuina hi Grammatical Criticism a ni.

(4) LITERARY CRITICISM: Hei hi chuan thumal leh tawngkauchheh lam chhui loin Bible-a lehkhabu pakhat pumpui emaw, hlawm lian deuha lakchhuah emaw a chhui ber a, hetianga Bible chhuina hi kum zabi 18-na vela intan kha a ni. A tirah chuan ‘Source Criticism’ an ti thin a. A tir takah chuan Bible ziaktute thudawnna hnar (Source) chauh a huap thin a, nimahsela tunah erawh chuan a ziaktu, a ziak hun, a ziakna hmun, alo dawngtu, a ziak dan kalhmang, thudawnna hnar leh chu lehkhabu chu a inpumkhat tha em (integrity) tihte a chhui tel vek a ni.

(5) FORM CRITICISM: Bible-ah hian thuziak dan chi hrang hrang (form) tam tak a awm a, chanchinte, hlate, thufingte, tehkhinthute, etc kan hmu. Sam bu kan en chuan hla rau rauah pawh mimal tahna hla, hnam hla, dilna, inpuanna leh fakna hla leh a dangte kan hmu bawk a ni.

Thuthlung Tharah pawh hian ziak dan chi hrang hrang kan hma a. Chanchintha buah ringawt pawh Thusawite, Tehkhinthute, Thupuanchhuahte, hlate kan hmu a, tam tak chu Lehkhathawn a ni bawk. Hetiang thuziak dan chi hrang hrang zirna hi Form Criticism a ni.

(6) TRADITIONAL  CRITICISM: Bible hi a tirah ziaka dah nghal vek a ni lem lo a, tam tak hi chu rei tak chhung tawngkain an inhlanchhawng thin. Thuthlung Thar hunah pawh hian ziak hmasak ber Marka hi 65 AD vela ziak chauh a ni. A ziaktu Marka ngei pawh hian lal Isua chanchin a ziahte hi tawngkaa inhlanchhawng zelin lal Isua thih hnua a ziak a ni. Amaherawhchu ziaka lal Isua chanchin an dah hma pawh hian Isua chanchin sawidan phung fel tak an neih hman a rinawm tho. Chubakah a thilmak tihte, a tehkhinthute, a thusawite chu hlawmkhatin a hrang hrangin an dah tawh ngei a rinawm. Lehkhabu pakhatah dah khawm lo mahsela, an sawichhawn lehnaa puithei turin thil thuhmun chu hlawm khatin an vawng tawh niin a rinawm. Chutianga tawngkaa an inhlanchhawn lai cha-chin zirna chu Traditional Criticism a ni.

(7) REDACTION CRITICISM: Bible zirmi thenkhatte chuan Mosia lehkhabu pangate hian thudawnna hnar pali JEDP awmin an hria a, chutiang deuh bawk chuan Synoptic Gospel (Matthaia, Marka leh Luka) ah pawh hian thudawnna hnar pali bawk awmin an hria a, chung thudawnna hnar chi hrang hrang atanga thute chu tute’n emaw an lo remkhawm a, tuna kan neih ang hian an lo tichhuak ta a ni. Chutianga lo phuahkhawm fel tute chu Redactors an ti a. Hetianga a Bible zirna hi Redaction Criticism a ni.                     

Bible chik taka zirtu thenkhatte chuan Bible an zirna atang chuan thu har pui pui leh awih harsa tak tak te an la chhuak a, entirnan: Sari, kum 65 mi ni tawh si, Pharoa’n nula hmeltha tak ang maia alo hmuh a, nupui atan hial te alo neihte, a hnua Abimaleka’n alo ngaihzawn veleh lai phei chuan kum 89 mi a ni tawh si tihte hi ‘Khuavang Thawnthu’ mai niin an ngai a ni.                                

Gen.1-11 inkar thute hi Prof. Peake-a chuan ‘Khuavang Thawnthu (Mythology) atanga lakchhuah mai a ni’ tiin a sawi. Thuthlung Thar chungchangah pawh ‘Chanchintha bute hi thudik ang vek a ngaih tur a ni lo e’ tiin a sawi bawk. Gen.1-11 inkara thute hi Lasi thawnthu mai a ni tih tichiangtu ber chu Pathian fapate leh Mihring fanute inneih pawlh atanga ‘Milian’ lo piang te hi a ni. (Gen.6;1-4) Tin, Kaina nupui chungchangte, Pathian fapate leh a dangte pawh hi Lasi thawnthu mai a ni an ti bawk. Heng bakah pawh hian Thuthlung Thar lama Isua thiltihmakte hi leilung dan bawhchhiatna a nih avangin thil awm thei a ni lo a ti bawk a.                                

Spinoz-a, Kum zabi 17-na ami chuan Thiltih mak hi Leilung dan pumpui nena inkalh a nih avangin thil awm thei a ni lo a ti a, Hume, Kum zabi 18-na lai ami chuan hetiang hian a sawi bawk: ’Thilmak tih chu Leilung dan bawhchhiatna a ni, he dan hi nghet tak, tih danglam theih loha siam a ni a, thiltih mak a awm thei lo tih tichiangtu a ni a, chu chu engti kawng mahin hnial thlak theih tur a ni lo’ tiin. Hei bakah pawh hian ‘Mihring tupawhin leilung dan kan hre theuh a, kan hriatna chuan thiltih makte chu han awm thei tur a ni tih min hriattir sa vek alawm. Mi zawng zawng tih tur kan ni tih chu a chiangsa bang a, chu thudik chu dawt angin boruakah a then mai mai thei lo. Mei chuan thing a kangral thei, mei chu tuiin a timit thei a ni’ tiin a chhunzawm leh bawk. Hetiaing hi Modernism te’n Bible an dodalna chu a ni.

Heng bakah hian Modernism ngaihdante chu: 

Dr. Lyman Abbott: Lehkhabu dik lo thei lo anga pawm hi a dik lo tawp, tunlaiin Bible hi chutianga dik lo thei lo angin an ngai tawh lo.

Prof. Geo Jackson: Pentateuch hi Mosia ziah atan chuan a U lutuk a, a ngaihna a awm lo.

Prof. Peake: Genesis 1-11 thu tam takte hi Lasi thawnthu atanga lakchhuah a ni.

Dr. Clover: Thuthlung Thar ziaktute hian an hriat ang ang an ziak ve mai a ni.

C.A. Wells: Isua kha a taka awm ni loin Paula’n a mitthlaa a hmuhdan anga a dinchhuah mai a ni.


Book references: 

Bible leh Science Vol II - PC. Biaksiama

Pathian thu zir hlawkna - Revd Chuauthuama

The Miracles of Jesus -  Cecil Hargreaves

Bible Survey -   CBI Course

Genesis atanga Pathian thu chhiuizauna - Ronald Lalthanliana

Peake’s Commentary On The Bible -  Prof. Peake


10;Feb;2005

    

                               


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